IMPACT OF BOKO HARAM INSURGENCY ON LIVELIHOODS IN BORNO STATE, NIGERIA

Abstract

The Boko Haram insurgency has had a massive impact on livelihoods in Borno State, Nigeria, particularly in Maiduguri, Bama and Gwoza. This study investigates the extent to which the insurgency has affected food security, economic activities, displacement, income levels and poverty rates in these local governments. Anchored on Human Security Theory and supported by Structural Violence Theory, the study adopts a descriptive survey research design, utilizing primary data collected from 200 respondents through structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were employed to examine the relationship between insurgency-related variables and livelihood deterioration. The findings reveal that the insurgency has led to massive displacement, significant loss of income, business closures and severe food insecurity due to disruptions in agriculture and trade. Regression analysis confirms a strong and statistically significant relationship between Boko Haram activities and the worsening of livelihoods. Furthermore, the study highlights the rising poverty levels and economic instability, which continue to hinder long-term development in the affected local governments. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the need for a multidimensional response that integrates security interventions, economic recovery programs, agricultural revitalization and social resilience initiatives. The study recommended the Implementation of targeted economic recovery, strengthening food security measures and improving security in the affected areas.